Пассивный залог: правила и особенности в английском языке

Пассивный залог – это грамматическая конструкция в английском языке, которая используется для того, чтобы сделать акцент на действии, а не на том, кто его совершает. В пассивном залоге подлежащее действия становится объектом, а сказуемое формируется с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be и причастия прошедшего времени.

Основные правила образования пассивного залога включают изменение порядка слов в предложении, использование вспомогательного глагола в нужной форме и причастия прошедшего времени. Также важно помнить о том, что объект действия в пассивном залоге становится подлежащим, а сказуемое указывает на действие, произведенное над ним.

Изучение пассивного залога важно для тех, кто хочет глубже понять английский язык и научиться составлять разнообразные предложения. Практика использования пассивного залога поможет улучшить навыки грамматики и сделает речь более точной и четкой.

1. Passive voice is used to shift the focus from the _____ to the object of the action.

a) subject

b) verb

c) adverb

d) noun

2. In passive voice, the auxiliary verb to be is followed by the _____ form of the main verb.

a) past participle

b) present participle

c) gerund

d) infinitive

3. The passive voice is often used when the doer of the action is _____ or unknown.

a) known

b) visible

c) absent

d) busy

4. Passive voice sentences are typically formed using the structure _____ + main verb + object.

a) subject

b) object

c) verb

d) preposition

5. The object of the active sentence becomes the _____ in the passive sentence.

a) subject

b) verb

c) adverb

d) pronoun

6. It is essential to pay attention to the correct use of _____ verb forms in passive voice sentences.

a) present

b) past

c) future

d) infinitive

7. Passive voice is often used in academic and scientific writing to focus on the _____ rather than the doer of the action.

a) agent

b) recipient

c) observer

d) performer

8. The passive voice construction can make your writing sound more _____ and formal.

a) casual

b) informal

c) relaxed

d) professional

9. Passive voice can be used to place emphasis on the _____ of the action.

a) doer

b) object

c) agent

d) subject

10. Remember to change the form of the verb to be according to the _____ of the noun or pronoun in passive voice sentences.

a) number

b) gender

c) tense

d) mood

11. Passive voice can be formed in different tenses, including present, past, and _____.

a) future

b) conditional

c) perfect

d) continuous

12. Passive voice sentences often contain a phrase that identifies the _____ of the action.

a) doer

b) receiver

c) subject

d) observer

13. The passive voice is commonly used in news reports to focus on the _____ rather than the reporter.

a) events

b) audience

c) headlines

d) journalists

14. Passive voice can be used to make your writing more _____ and engaging.

a) confusing

b) straightforward

c) complex

d) ambiguous

15. When writing in passive voice, it is important to consider the _____ of the sentence and how it affects the overall meaning.

a) tone

b) length

c) complexity

d) structure

16. In passive voice sentences, the main focus is on the _____ of the action rather than the doer.

a) recipient

b) observer

c) agent

d) performer

17. Passive voice can be formed using different verb forms to indicate the _____ of the action.

a) direction

b) origin

c) result

d) nature

18. Passive voice sentences are often used to describe processes or actions that are _____ to the speaker.

a) familiar

b) unknown

c) challenging

d) easy

19. Using passive voice in your writing can help create a sense of _____ and formality.

a) informality

b) casualness

c) elegance

d) simplicity

20. It is important to practice using passive voice in your writing to improve your language _____ and communication skills.

a) fluency

b) accuracy

c) proficiency

d) complexity

Correct answers: 1-a, 2-a, 3-c, 4-a, 5-a, 6-b, 7-a, 8-d, 9-b, 10-a, 11-c, 12-a, 13-a, 14-b, 15-a, 16-c, 17-d, 18-b, 19-c, 20-b.

Пассивный залог в английском

Примеры правильного употребления пассивного залога:

• Когда нужно подчеркнуть действие и неизвестно кто его совершает: The cake was baked.
• При упоминании процесса без упоминания исполнителя: The document will be signed tomorrow.

Однако, не стоит злоупотреблять пассивным залогом в английском, так как избыточное использование passsive voice может затруднить понимание текста и сделать его менее ясным и лаконичным.

Задания:

1. Тhe new book ___ (write) by J.K. Rowling.
   а)writed b)be written c)is written d)was writing
2. Many houses ___ (destroy) by the hurricane.
   а)is destroying b)will destroyed c)was destroyed d)are being destroying
3. The painting ___ (not finish) yet.
   а)wasn't finished b)not finished c)hasn't been finished d)was finished
4. Cake ___ (not bake) by Mary every day.
   а)are not baked b)were not baking c)is not being baked d)doesn't baked
5. This song ___ (sing) beautifully at the concert.
   а)sang b)being sung c)was sung d)sing

Правильные ответы: 1 - c, 2 - c, 3 - c, 4 - c, 5 - c

Основные правила употребления

Для построения пассивного залога используется вспомогательный глагол to be в соответствующем времени + причастие прошедшего времени основного глагола.

Когда объект становится субъектом, он часто указывается в начале предложения или после предлога by.

Пассивный залог используется, когда действие важнее субъекта, который выполняет это действие.

Задания:

Выберите правильную форму глагола, чтобы заполнить пропущенное место в предложении, используя пассивный залог:

1. The house _____ by my grandfather.

a) is built

b) build

c) are built

d) built

2. This book _____ by many people.

a) reads

b) is reading

c) is read

d) read

3. The cake _____ in the oven right now.

a) bakes

b) is baking

c) is baked

d) baked

4. Fresh vegetables _____ at the market every morning.

a) sell

b) are selling

c) is sold

d) are sold

5. The project _____ by the end of the week.

a) will finish

b) finishes

c) will be finished

d) finished

6. This song _____ by millions of listeners worldwide.

a) listens

b) is listening

c) listens to

d) is listened to

7. A new restaurant _____ in our neighborhood last month.

a) opens

b) have opened

c) opened

d) was opened

8. High-quality products _____ for a higher price.

a) produces

b) are producing

c) produce

d) are produced

9. The letter _____ by Mary last night.

a) writes

b) written

c) was written

d) written by

10. An interesting movie _____ at the cinema next week.

a) will show

b) shows

c) will be shown

d) shown

Правильные ответы:

1. a) is built

2. c) is read

3. c) is baked

4. d) are sold

5. c) will be finished

6. d) is listened to

7. d) was opened

8. d) are produced

9. c) was written

10. c) will be shown

Особенности конструкций в различных временах

Пассивный залог может быть использован в различных временах английского языка. В каждом времени есть свои особенности и правила, которые необходимо запомнить.

Present Simple

В настоящем простом времени пассивный залог образуется с помощью глагола to be в настоящем времени и третьей формы основного глагола. Например: The cake (to bake) by my grandmother every Sunday.

Past Continuous

В прошедшем непрерывном времени пассивный залог образуется с использованием глагола to be в прошедшем времени и третьей формы основного глагола. Например: The car (to wash) when it started raining.

Теперь пора проверить ваши знания по теме. Ниже приведены предложения с пропущенными словами. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. The meal (to cook) by my sister yesterday.

a) was

b) is

c) be

d) are

2. Present Simple: A new house (to build) in our neighborhood.

a) built

b) building

c) is building

d) are going to build

3. Past Continuous: The tables (to clean) by the students when the teacher entered the classroom.

a) cleaned

b) is cleaned

c) were being cleaned

d) had been cleaned

4. Present Perfect: The book (to read) by many people so far.

a) read

b) has been read

c) is being read

d) were reading

5. Future Simple: The project (to finish) by next Friday.

a) finish

b) is finishing

c) has finished

d) will be finished

Правильные ответы:

1. a) was

2. a) built

3. c) were being cleaned

4. b) has been read

5. d) will be finished